CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
MATTER
Any thing that occupies space and has mass. It has three common states: solid, liquid and gas
ELEMENTS
They are the fundamental substances and can't be broken into simpler substances.
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EXAMPLE:
Na (Sodium), O (Oxygen) and C (Carbon)
MIXTURES
Matter consisting two or more pure substances that retain their individual identities. They have variable compositions whose parts can be separated by physical means.
PURE SUBSTANCES
Has a uniform material of definite (proportion) composition with characteristic properties
COMPOUNDS
They can be broken down into two or more elements.
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EXAMPLE:
Salt = Na (Sodium) + Cl (Chlorine)
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
They are non-uniform mixture of different substances.
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EXAMPLE:
Oil in water floats and doesn't mix well together.
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HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
Also referred as "solution". There is uniform mixture of different substances and the constituent particles are all identical.
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EXAMPLE:
Hot water and coffee powder mix well together.
Pure Substances can only be separated through chemical means while mixtures can be separated through physical means.
STATES OF MATTER
Matter has three COMMON states of matter, namely: solid, liquid and gas. However, two more are added and these are the plasma (watery part of the blood that contains the blood cells) and the Bose-Einstein Condensate.
SOLID
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Molecules are packed tightly
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High density
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Very low kinetic energy
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Has definite shape, volume and mass
GAS
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High kinetic energy
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Has no definite volume or shape
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
LIQUID
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Loosely packed
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Medium kinetic energy
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Has indefinite shape since it is dependent on the shape of its container
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Difficult to compress
PLASMA
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Combination of gas and liquid
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Extremely high kinetic energy
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Highly-charged particle
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High temperature
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Has characteristics before solid
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Extremely low temperature with a few degrees of absolute zero
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molecular motion comes very close
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER
Matter cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change forms. It states that the mass of an object or collection of objects never changes over time, no matter how the constituent parts rearrange themselves. Thus in a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products. In any physical or chemical changes that a matter undergoes, no matter is lost.
EXAMPLE:
TWO TYPES OF CHANGE THAT MATTER UNDERGOES
PHYSICAL CHANGE
Physical change is one that a substance displays change in physical appearance only and not in composition. One example is the evaporation of water. When water evaporates, it changes from a liquid state to a gas state. But, it is still water.
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Chemical change is one that displays changes in both physical appearance and composition, thus results in a new substance when it undergoes chemical reaction. Example, a wood being burned turned into ashes.
